Many of us experience symptoms of forgetfulness, difficulty paying attention, completing tasks, or staying still. These symptoms may be associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which can be concerning and lead to feelings of shame. 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting children and adults. ADHD is characterized by persistent and pervasive inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning. Whether you have ADHD or know someone who does, it can be a challenging condition to manage. In this blog post, we will discuss the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for ADHD to help you better understand this disorder.

Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of ADHD can vary widely depending on the individual, but in general, three types of ADHD can be identified: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. 

Inattentive ADHD

Inattentive ADHD is characterized by persistent difficulty in paying attention, maintaining focus, forgetfulness, and a tendency towards disorganization. These individuals often struggle with tasks that require sustained mental effort and may have trouble keeping track of time and completing daily responsibilities. Despite these challenges, individuals with inattentive ADHD can excel with appropriate accommodations and support.

Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD

Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD presents with excessive levels of physical activity and restlessness, impulsive behaviors, and challenges in maintaining patience and waiting for turn-taking in social interactions.

Combined ADHD

Combined ADHD, also known as ADHD-C, is the most common type of ADHD. It encompasses a wide range of symptoms, incorporating both the characteristics of inattentive ADHD (difficulty staying focused, easily distracted) and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD (restlessness, impulsivity). This combination of symptoms presents unique challenges for individuals, but they can learn to manage and thrive with proper understanding and support.

What are the Causes of ADHD

ADHD is not a character flaw, not caused by poor parenting. The CDC explains, "Research does not support the popularly held views that ADHD is caused by eating too much sugar, watching too much television, parenting, or social and environmental factors such as poverty or family chaos." While it's true that some of these things can make ADHD symptoms worse, they are not what causes ADHD.

Scientists believe that genetics likely play the most significant role in ADHD. However, the exact cause of ADHD is unknown, but research suggests that genetics, environmental factors, and brain development are all contributing factors. Studies have shown that ADHD is more prevalent in individuals with a family history of the condition and that specific genes may be involved in the development of ADHD. Environmental factors such as lead exposure and prenatal alcohol exposure have also been linked to ADHD. Additionally, research has shown that differences in brain development and function, specifically in the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine, may also contribute to the development of ADHD.

Treatment for ADHD

Treatment for ADHD typically involves a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. Stimulant medications, such as Adderall and Ritalin, are commonly used to treat ADHD and work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to improve attention and focus. Behavioral therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and parent-child interaction therapy, can also be beneficial in helping individuals with ADHD manage their symptoms. Techniques such as mindfulness, organization, and time-management skills can also help improve attention and decrease impulsivity.

ADHD can be challenging to manage, but with suitable treatment options, individuals with ADHD can lead happy and successful lives. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of ADHD, it's essential to seek a professional evaluation to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. With early intervention and support, individuals with ADHD can learn the strategies and skills to manage their symptoms better and achieve their goals.

If you need more help with managing your ADHD symptoms before you leave for college, reach out to an ADHD therapist at VitalMinds Counseling.